Named after Queens Road, renamed in 1866 in honour of Queen Victoria.
The road was formerly known as Deptford Lane or Peckham Lane. The station opened that year as Peckham and soon took the road's new name. Peckham, Pecheham in the Domesday Book, is a Saxon name: the village of the River Peck or, according to David Mills, the homestead by a peak or hill.