Named after the town of Chevilly-Larue, where it stands.
The town was simply Chevilly until a decree of 5 September 1920 added the name of its hamlet, Larue, to tell it apart from Chevilly in the Loiret. The station was first to be called Porte de Thiais – Marché International; after several Val-de-Marne mayors objected, it became Chevilly-Larue in 2022, subtitled Marché International after the Rungis market, two-thirds of which lies in the town.