Named after the rue and boulevard des Filles-du-Calvaire, after an old convent.
The 'daughters of Calvary' were Benedictine nuns of Notre-Dame du Calvaire, a congregation founded in 1617 by Antoinette d'Orléans-Longueville and the Capuchin Father Joseph. Their convent's grounds ran from the boulevard to the rue de Turenne. The rue got the name when it opened in 1698; the boulevard, laid out on the old city rampart, later took it from the rue.