Named after Erlaaer Straße, which preserves the name of the old village of Erlaa.
The street, formerly Hauptstraße (main street), was renamed on 7 December 1955 to preserve the name of Erlaa, a former village that became part of Vienna in 1938. Erlaa is first recorded around 1114 as ‘Erila’, a name probably derived from an alder stream or alder wood. Erlaa's castle and cemetery both stand on this street.