Named after the Monument to the Great Fire of London of 1666.
Christopher Wren was asked for a design, and Robert Hooke, then working for him, developed it. The column, built in 1671–77, is 202 feet (61 metres) tall, the same as its distance from the spot in Pudding Lane where the fire began. The station opened on 6 October 1884 as Eastcheap, after the nearby street, and was renamed The Monument on 1 November.