Named after the Austerlitz railway station, after the Austerlitz district and Napoleon's victory.
The station opened in 1906 as Gare d'Orléans, as the railway station was then the terminus of the Paris–Orléans company. It became Gare d'Orléans – Austerlitz in 1930 and Gare d'Austerlitz on 25 April 1985. The Battle of Austerlitz was fought in 1805.