Named after the rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs ('Our Lady of the Fields').
The street led to an old chapel of that name, which in 1604 was given to the first Carmelite community founded in France. After two centuries as the 'chemin Herbu', then rue du Barc, the street took – or took back – the old priory's name when Mademoiselle de La Vallière joined the nuns in 1675.