Named after Zeuthen, an old village of fishermen on the Dahme.
Zeuthen was first recorded in 1375 as Czyten or Czuten, a small village with 14 fishermen's houses. The station opened on 24 May 1868 in neighbouring Miersdorf as Hankels Ablage Bude 21, after a timber yard on the Dahme that appears in Theodor Fontane's novel Irrungen, Wirrungen. It became Hankels Ablage Zeuthen in 1892, and plain Zeuthen when a new station opened on 1 November 1897.